chapter 25. give that persuasive talk

How do you give a persuasive talk ? Make sure you know how to arrange a argument . It is ethos followed by logos than pathos .You have to start by winning you audience . Get them to like you by your shared values , your good sense and you concern to their  interest . Have all the tools that ethos apply. Then launch your argument ,stating facts, making your case, proving your point logically, and bring down you opponent's argument . You have to end by getting you audience all hyped up. A outline of this is Introduction, narration ,division, proof , refutation , and conclusion. In the conclusion  you can just restate your strong points .Style you ave to have some type of style and there are five  types of style you can use . Which is proper language , clarity, vividness, decorum ,and ornament . Proper language style is the number one because it is the mostly use one out of all three.Delivery you have to have three thing when your are delivering a speech. It all have to do with your volume ,stability,and flexibility.

chapter 14: spot fallacies

NOT  all fallacies are hard to spot. Its as simple as elephants are animals so that means your a animals. That makes you an elephants. All fallacies come down to bad logic. It all starts with audience and what they know and believe which is the commonplace . You have to apply it to particular parts of your situations to prove your conclusions. In deduction serves as your proof and in induction serves examples. To see whether fallacies lies hidden in an argument you have to ask yourself these three questions.
1. Does you proof hold up?
2. Am I given the right number of choices?
3.Dose the proof lead to the conclusion?
There could be a 4th question you can ask yourself which is
4.Who cares?
There is one big difference between formal logic and the art of persuasion which is their attittudes toward the rules.
Bad proof : includes three sins false comparison , bad examples, and ignorance as proof
wrong number of choices: merging one or two issues into one ,offering just two choices when more are available.
Disconnect between proof and conclusion:when your proof and conclusion are identical .having a sneaky distraction between the proof and conclusion.

13 . control the argument

How to control your arguments ? It all start with logos you have to have logos in your argument to control. You can you logic to but not bad logic. Bad logic waste alot of time it ruins our health and budgets. kids use good logic to get there ways to but parents respond with bad logic. Logo means more than just logic . The tools of logos let you apply facts ,values,and attitudes to a particular problems. Rhetorical logic works differently than the logic taught in philosophy classes. There are formal logic which start with the true followed by another truth and the conclusion also must be true. Rhetorical verison works a little differently instead of the true . In deliberative argument the conclusion is a choice in what you want the audience to decide. you combine deduction and induction to make and strong argument . you can prove two parts examples and premise . Enthymeme is logical sandwich that contains deductive logic.

8.Show you care

How to you show your audience that you care ? The third ethos asset which Aristotle called "disinterested goodwill" which combines selflessness and likability . You can think of it as a friend picking up the dinner tab. The persuader shares everything with his audience: riches, effort,values,and moods. They feel there pain and make them believe they have nothing personal in stake. Most people use disinterest and uninterested interchangeably today.In the earlier times a reputation for selflessness determined whether a politician got elected or not. Eighteenth-century leaders were extremely anxious to show their disinterest by giving away there fortunes and by going bankrupted. This continued in to the early nineteenth-century . Many people don't use disinterest any more but you can still use it by making your audience believe that you are selfless . You have can make it seem like you are reaching your opinion only after confronting overwhelming evidence . You want your audience to me be attentive, trusting , willing to be persuaded .  The trusting part goes with the ethical territory of cause ,craft ,and caring. when you audience thinks that you are a noble attributes it doesn't mean they have them in reality.

chapter 6. MAKE THEM LISTEN

 So you want your audience to be receptive,attentive,like and trust you? All three of those things requires argument by character. Aristotle says "people have to be able to hurts your judgement as well as your essential goodness. Your audience have to consider you as a  good person who want to do the right thing and not use other people . Aristotle three essential qualities persuasive ethos is Virtue or cause , Practical wisdom or craft, and disinterest.Persuasive virtue strays from the virtues of moms and dads. what define a virtuous women is a self-sacrificing loyalty to there husbands and children. when a man is called virtuous he get very frustrated because it is a sign of weakness and dependency. we talk about values and that is because the person who with hold the most value of a group of rhetorically virtuous. Jesus Christ had the most pure kind of virtue he is called that because the word virtuous stands for something larger than its self.You can use character references by beating your own bragging. Tractical flaw reveals some defects that shows you the dedications to the audience's values.you can virtue by heartily supporting what the audience is for even if that means changing your position.

chapter 5: GET THEM TO LIKE YOU

Rhetorical decorum is the art of fitting in not just one place but everywhere. The word decorum means to fit as in suitable the word says "do as i say as i do". The way you show decorum is to act the way you audience expect you to act. Kenneth Burke says "decorum is the simplest way of persuasion. You persuade a person by talking his language by speech, gestures, tonality,order,image,attitude,idea ,and identifying your ways with his.When the movie GONE WITH THE WIND came out Rhett Butler's profanity was the buss around town. Now days most of middle school student curse like sailors.You can tell someone how it is but you can be in decorum and persuasive at the same time. Deliberative arguments is not about the truth it is really bout choices, and persuasive decorum changes to match the audience. Persuasive requires sympathy a lot of it. In politics persuasion is power it doesn't depend on being true to your self fit depends on being true to your audience.Anthropologist says in Afghanistan basketball is the most remote part and many be the most politest game on earth.Personal fouls are unheard of because it can turn to a blood feud.

Chapter 1: open your eyes

    Rhetoric is a the art of influence , friendship, eloquence , and irrefutable logic. In this chapter it shows you have no matter what you think argument is surrounds you . It plays with your emotions , changes your attitudes, talks you into decisions , and to buying things. Arguments are behind a lot of things like political labeling, advertising, voices , and gestures Ancients considered rhetoric the essential skills of leadership. Rhetoric was placed it at the higher center of education it taught ancients how to speak and write persuasively. It made people like them when ever they were spoken to. After they invented it helped create the world's finest democracies. Every one of Americans founders studied rhetoric ,They use it's principles in writing the Constitution. The rhetoric faded in the academia in the 1800s . Some scattered colleges and universities still teach rhetoric the art rapidly gain popularity among undergraduates.